The old city of Srinagar, often referred to as the “Shahr-e-Khas,” is a fascinating area steeped in history, culture, and architectural marvels. This part of the city has preserved the rich cultural heritage of Kashmir and offers visitors a glimpse into the region’s ancient traditions, vibrant markets, and Islamic and Mughal-era architecture. Here are some key old city destinations in Kashmir that reflect its historical and cultural grandeur:
1. Jamia Masjid
Located in the heart of the old city, Jamia Masjid is one of the most important and grandest mosques in Kashmir. Built in 1402 by Sultan Sikandar, the mosque is an architectural masterpiece with Indo-Saracenic design elements. Unlike typical Islamic mosques, the Jamia Masjid is built using wood and features a sprawling courtyard with 378 wooden pillars. The peaceful ambiance of the mosque makes it an ideal place for reflection and tranquility.
Highlights:
- Unique wooden architecture with four minarets and traditional Kashmiri craftsmanship.
- Large courtyard that can hold thousands of worshippers.
- A spiritual and cultural hub in the old city.
2. Shah-e-Hamadan (Khanqah-e-Moula)
The shrine of Mir Syed Ali Hamadani, also known as Khanqah-e-Moula, is a significant religious site located on the banks of the Jhelum River in the old city of Srinagar. It is a revered place for Kashmiri Muslims as Mir Syed Ali Hamadani, a Persian Sufi saint, is credited with spreading Islam in Kashmir. The shrine, originally built in the 14th century, is a stunning example of Kashmiri wooden architecture, with intricate wood carvings, papier-mâché decorations, and colorful interiors.
Highlights:
- Ornate wood carvings and colorful papier-mâché designs.
- Spiritual significance as a major Sufi site in Kashmir.
- Beautiful location on the riverbank, offering picturesque views of the Jhelum.
3. Hari Parbat Fort and Sharika Devi Temple
Overlooking the old city of Srinagar is Hari Parbat, a hill that is home to a fort, a mosque, and the Sharika Devi Temple, making it a multi-religious site. The fort was originally constructed during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar and later expanded by the Durranis. At the base of the hill lies the Sharika Devi Temple, dedicated to Goddess Sharika, an incarnation of Durga, and an important place of worship for Kashmiri Hindus.
Highlights:
- Hari Parbat Fort offers panoramic views of the old city and Dal Lake.
- The fort is steeped in Mughal history, with its imposing walls and design.
- The Sharika Devi Temple is an ancient site of religious importance for Kashmiri Hindus.
4. Pather Masjid
Pather Masjid is a historic stone mosque built in 1623 by Empress Nur Jahan, the wife of Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Located on the banks of the Jhelum River, this mosque is distinct for its stone construction, which is rare in Kashmiri architecture. Although the mosque is not used for daily prayers, it remains a significant historical and architectural site in the old city.
Highlights:
- Unique stone architecture commissioned by a Mughal empress.
- Historical significance as one of the few Mughal-era structures still standing.
- Located along the scenic banks of the Jhelum River.
5. Makhdoom Sahib Shrine
The Makhdoom Sahib Shrine, located on the southern side of Hari Parbat hill, is dedicated to Sheikh Hamza Makhdoom, a revered Sufi saint of Kashmir. The shrine is an important pilgrimage site for Kashmiri Muslims and showcases beautiful Mughal architecture. Its location on the hill also provides a great view of the old city and Dal Lake.
Highlights:
- Religious and cultural significance as one of the most visited shrines in Kashmir.
- Mughal-style architecture with intricate detailing.
- Spectacular views of the surrounding city and landscape.
6. Zaina Kadal
Zaina Kadal is one of the oldest bridges over the Jhelum River and an important landmark in the old city. The bridge connects different parts of Srinagar and is named after Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, one of the greatest Kashmiri kings who ruled in the 15th century. The area around Zaina Kadal is known for its traditional markets and narrow alleyways that offer a glimpse into old Srinagar’s way of life.
Highlights:
- Bustling markets selling traditional Kashmiri handicrafts, spices, and fabrics.
- Historic significance as part of the city’s ancient trade routes.
- Scenic views of the Jhelum River and traditional Kashmiri architecture.
7. Naqshband Sahib Shrine
The Naqshband Sahib Shrine, located in the old city, is one of the most revered Sufi shrines in Kashmir. It is dedicated to the famous Central Asian Sufi saint, Khwaja Baha-ud-Din Naqshband, whose followers established the Naqshbandi Sufi order in the region. The shrine is a spiritual and cultural center and attracts devotees throughout the year, especially on religious occasions.
Highlights:
- Rich spiritual atmosphere with a deep connection to Sufi traditions.
- Unique Kashmiri architecture with intricate woodwork and detailed carvings.
- A gathering place for followers of the Naqshbandi order.
8. Mujahid Manzil
Mujahid Manzil, meaning “House of the Fighters,” is a historically important building in the old city that was a key center of political activity during Kashmir’s struggle against Dogra rule and later for political autonomy. This heritage building stands as a symbol of Kashmiri resistance and nationalism.
Highlights:
- Historical significance tied to Kashmiri political movements.
- Important heritage site reflecting the city’s modern history.
- Located in the old city amidst other historical landmarks.
9. Aali Masjid
Built by Sultan Ali Shah in the 15th century, Aali Masjid is another prominent mosque in the old city of Srinagar. Located in Eidgah, it is the second-largest mosque in Srinagar after the Jamia Masjid. The mosque is noted for its distinctive wooden architecture and serene surroundings. Though lesser-known, it is a fine example of traditional Kashmiri craftsmanship.
Highlights:
- Traditional Kashmiri wooden architecture.
- Less crowded than Jamia Masjid, offering a peaceful visit.
- Historical significance as an ancient mosque in the city.
10. Bohri Kadal and Zaina Kadal Markets
The old city of Srinagar is famous for its bustling markets, where traditional crafts, jewelry, spices, and dry fruits are sold. Bohri Kadal and Zaina Kadal are two of the most famous market areas in the old city. These markets are ideal for those looking to buy Kashmiri shawls, carpets, papier-mâché products, copperware, and other handicrafts.
Highlights:
- Explore vibrant markets filled with traditional Kashmiri goods.
- Experience the lively street life of old Srinagar.
- Perfect place for shopping and interacting with local artisans.
Conclusion
The old city of Srinagar is a treasure trove of cultural, architectural, and spiritual heritage. From the grand Jamia Masjid to the serene Sufi shrines and vibrant markets, this area offers a unique experience that connects visitors to the ancient heart of Kashmir. Exploring these destinations provides insight into the rich history and traditions of the region while offering a peaceful retreat in a city that has preserved its old-world charm.
